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Harvey Fierstein

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Harvey Fierstein
Fierstein in 2009
Born
Harvey Forbes Fierstein

(1952-06-06) June 6, 1952 (age 72)
New York City, U.S.
EducationPratt Institute (BFA)
Occupations
  • Actor
  • playwright
  • screenwriter
Years active1981–present

Harvey Forbes Fierstein (/ˈfaɪərˌstn/ FIRE-steen; born June 6, 1952)[1] is an American actor, playwright, and screenwriter, known for his distinctive gravelly voice.[2][3][4] He gained notice for his theater work in Torch Song Trilogy, winning both the Tony Award for Best Play and Best Actor in a Play. He went on to win the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical for La Cage aux Folles, then Best Actor in a Musical for playing Edna Turnblad in Hairspray, a role he reprised for the Hairspray Live! television special.

On film he appeared in Mrs. Doubtfire, Independence Day, and as the voice of Yao in Mulan and Mulan II.

Fierstein also wrote the books for the Tony Award-winning musicals Kinky Boots, Newsies, and Tony Award-nominated, Drama League Award-winner A Catered Affair. He was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 2007.[5]

Early life and education

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Harvey Fierstein was born in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Jacqueline Harriet (née Gilbert), a school librarian, and Irving Fierstein, a handkerchief manufacturer.[6] Fierstein has a brother, Ronald Fierstein.[7] The family belonged to a Conservative Jewish temple.[8] Prior to puberty, Fierstein was a soprano in a professional boys' choir.[9]

Fierstein graduated from the High School of Art and Design[10] and received a BFA from the Pratt Institute in 1973.[11][12]

Career

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As one of the first gay celebrities in the United States, Fierstein helped turn gay and lesbian life into a viable subject for contemporary drama "with no apologies and no climactic suicides".[13]

Fierstein has authored op-eds for The New York Times[14][15][16] and the PBS series In the Life.[17]

1970s

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Fierstein began working in the theater as a founding member of The Gallery Players of Park Slope before being cast in Andy Warhol's only play, Pork.[18] Fierstein's other early roles included "a transvestite in his own Flatbush Tosca...a 300-year-old woman, Lillian Russell, and 26 other parts in Ronald Tavel's My Fetus Lived on Amboy Street". Fierstein also performed his own drag routine in Greenwich Village, including an impersonation of Ethel Merman singing "You Can't Get a Man With a Gun".[19]

1980s

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Fierstein in 1983

Fierstein is known for the play and film Torch Song Trilogy, which he wrote and starred in both off-Broadway (with a young Matthew Broderick) and on Broadway (with Estelle Getty and Fisher Stevens).[20] The 1982 Broadway production won him two Tony Awards, for Best Play and Best Actor in a Play;[21] two Drama Desk Awards, for Outstanding New Play and Outstanding Actor in a Play;[22] and the Theatre World Award.[23] Fierstein is the first gay actor to win a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play.[21] The film adaptation of Torch Song Trilogy earned him an Independent Spirit Award nomination as Best Male Lead.[24]

Fierstein also wrote the book for La Cage aux Folles (1983), winning another Tony Award, this time for Best Book of a Musical, and a Drama Desk nomination for Outstanding Book.[25] During his Tony Award acceptance speech, Fierstein acknowledged his male lover; according to Entertainment Weekly, this was "not a first", but was "still startling to many viewers".[26]

Fierstein narrated the documentary The Times of Harvey Milk (1984), for which he won a News & Documentary Emmy Award. His playwriting credits include Spookhouse (1984), Safe Sex (1987), and Forget Him (1988).[27] Legs Diamond, his 1988 collaboration with Peter Allen, was a critical and commercial failure, closing after 72 previews and 64 performances, but the songs live on in Peter Allen's biographical musical, The Boy from Oz.

1990s

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Fierstein was praised[28][29] for his 1990 role as the voice of Karl, Homer Simpson's assistant, in the "Simpson and Delilah" episode of The Simpsons.

Fierstein portrayed Mark Newberger in Cheers, earning a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1992.[30]

In 1993, Fierstein co-starred with Mara Wilson, Lisa Jakub, Matthew Lawrence, Sally Field, Pierce Brosnan, and Robin Williams in Mrs. Doubtfire.

In 1994, Fierstein became the first gay actor to play a principal gay character in a television series when he appeared as fashion designer Dennis Sinclair in the short-lived CBS series Daddy's Girls.[26]

Fierstein voiced the role of Yao in Disney's animated feature Mulan, a role he later reprised for the video game Kingdom Hearts II and the direct-to-DVD sequel Mulan II.

Fierstein voiced the character of Elmer in the 1999 HBO special based on his children's book The Sissy Duckling, which won the Humanitas Prize for Children's Animation.

2000s

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Fierstein (left) with Anthony Rapp at the Annual Flea Market and Grand Auction hosted by Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS, September 2006

Fierstein's Broadway acting credits include playing the mother, Edna Turnblad, in Hairspray (2002), for which he won a Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical. He later replaced Alfred Molina as Tevye in the 2004 revival of Fiddler on the Roof.

In 2007, Fierstein wrote the book to the musical A Catered Affair; he also starred in the production. After tryouts at San Diego's Old Globe Theatre in September 2007, the show opened on Broadway April 17, 2008. It received 12 Drama Desk Award nominations and won the Drama League Award for Distinguished Production of a Musical.[31]

Fierstein returned to the theater when he reprised the role of Tevye, replacing an injured Chaim Topol, in the national tour of Fiddler on the Roof starting in December 2009.[32]

2010s

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On February 15, 2011, Fierstein replaced Douglas Hodge as Albin/Zaza in the Broadway revival of La Cage aux Folles.[33] The show closed on May 1, 2011, after playing 433 performances and 15 previews.[34]

Fierstein wrote the book for the stage musical Newsies, along with Alan Menken (music) and Jack Feldman (lyrics). The musical opened on Broadway in March 2012. Fierstein was nominated for the Tony Award for Book of a Musical.[35]

Fierstein wrote the book for a stage musical version of the film Kinky Boots with music and lyrics by Cyndi Lauper. After a fall 2012 run at the Bank of America Theatre in Chicago,[36] it opened at the Al Hirschfeld Theatre on Broadway in April 2013. The musical was nominated for thirteen 2013 Tony Awards[37] and won six, including best musical.[38]

Fierstein's play Casa Valentina was produced on Broadway by the Manhattan Theatre Club at the Samuel J. Friedman Theatre. The play opened in April 2014. It was directed by Joe Mantello, with a cast that featured Patrick Page, John Cullum, and Mare Winningham.[39]

Fierstein wrote the teleplay for the December 3, 2015, NBC TV broadcast of The Wiz Live!, featuring Stephanie Mills as Aunt Em, Queen Latifah as The Wiz, and David Alan Grier as the Lion. The teleplay is an adaptation of The Wiz, which ran on Broadway from October 1974 until January 1979.[40]

Fierstein then wrote the teleplay for, and starred in, the 2016 NBC TV broadcast of Hairspray Live! with Ariana Grande, Jennifer Hudson, Kristin Chenoweth, and Martin Short.[41]

In April 2016, Fierstein, along with his Kinky Boots collaborator Cyndi Lauper, was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[42]

Fierstein wrote and starred in Bella Bella, a solo monologue play about New York Congresswoman Bella Abzug. It premiered at Manhattan Theatre Club's Stage One at City Center on October 1, 2019, directed by Kimberly Senior.[43]

2020s

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Fierstein's book I Was Better Last Night: A Memoir was released on March 1, 2022, and quickly became a New York Times Bestseller.

Personal life

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Fierstein is gay.[13][21] He reportedly dated journalist Ted Casablanca from 1987 to 1992.[44][45]

Fierstein is Jewish.[8] In 2005, he said that although he does not believe in God, he prays three or four times each day.[46]

Fierstein's distinctive gravelly voice is a result of an overdeveloped vestibular fold in his vocal cords, essentially giving him a "double voice" when he speaks.[9]

Fierstein has struggled with alcohol abuse. In a 2022 interview, he stated that he stopped drinking alcohol following a 1996 suicide attempt.[21]

Speaking with People magazine in February 2022 to promote his memoir I Was Better Last Night, Fierstein stated, "I'm still confused as to whether I'm a man or a woman," and that as a child he often wondered if he'd been born in the wrong body. "When I was a kid, I was attracted to men. I didn't feel like a boy was supposed to feel. Then I found out about gay. So that was enough for me for then." The interview also noted his ease at playing both Tevye in Fiddler on the Roof and Edna Turnblad in Hairspray. He avoided identifying as non-binary in the interview, saying he had thought about it a lot and "it's the term that bothers me", but concluded that "I don't think I've missed anything by not making up my mind".[47] On the LGBTQ&A podcast the following month, Fierstein said, "I'm comfortable being me and if I ask myself, 'Would you want to transition?' The answer's no."[48][49]

Theater credits

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Acting

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Year Title Role Venue Category
1982–1985 Torch Song Trilogy Arnold Beckoff Little Theatre Broadway
1986 Albery Theatre West End
1987 Safe Sex Ghee Lyceum Theatre Broadway
2002 Hairspray Edna Turnblad 5th Avenue Theatre Regional
2002–2004,
2008–2009
Neil Simon Theatre Broadway
2004–2006 Fiddler on the Roof Tevye Minskoff Theatre
2008 A Catered Affair Winston Walter Kerr Theatre
2009–2010 Fiddler on the Roof Tevye North American tour
2011 La Cage aux Folles Albin Longacre Theatre Broadway
2019 The Little Mermaid: An Immersive Live-to-Film Concert Experience Ursula Hollywood Bowl Concert
2019 Bella Bella Bella Abzug Manhattan Theater Club Off-Broadway
2022 Guys and Dolls Joey Biltmore (prerecorded voice, uncredited) The Kennedy Center Washington, D.C.

Writing

[edit]
Year Title Venue Category Notes
1982 Torch Song Trilogy Little Theatre Broadway Also starred as Arnold
1983 La Cage aux Folles Palace Theatre Broadway
1984 Spookhouse Playhouse 91 Off-Broadway
1987 Safe Sex Lyceum Theatre Broadway Also starred as Ghee
1988 Legs Diamond Mark Hellinger Theatre Broadway
2007 A Catered Affair Old Globe Theatre Broadway tryout
2008 Walter Kerr Theatre Broadway Also starred as Winston
2011 Newsies Paper Mill Playhouse Broadway tryout
2012 Nederlander Theatre Broadway
Kinky Boots Bank of America Theatre Broadway tryout
2013 Al Hirschfeld Theatre Broadway
2014 Casa Valentina Samuel J. Friedman Theatre Broadway
2015 Funny Girl Menier Chocolate Factory Off-West End Book revisions
2016 Savoy Theatre West End
2022 August Wilson Theatre Broadway

Filmography

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Film

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Year Title Role Notes
1984 Garbo Talks Bernie Whitlock
The Times of Harvey Milk Narrator Voice
1988 Torch Song Trilogy Arnold Beckoff Also the screenwriter (adapted his own play)
1992 The Harvest Bob Lakin
1993 Mrs. Doubtfire Francis "Frank" Hillard
1994 Bullets Over Broadway Sid Loomis
1995 Dr. Jekyll and Ms. Hyde Yves DuBois
1996 The Celluloid Closet Himself Documentary
Independence Day Marty Gilbert
Everything Relative The Moyle
Elmo Saves Christmas Easter Bunny
1997 White Lies Art Hoarder
Kull the Conqueror Juba
Three Little Pigs The Big Bad Wolf Voice, short film
1998 Mulan Yao Voice[50]
Safe Men Leo
1999 Jump Dish Macense
2000 Playing Mona Lisa Bennett
2002 Death to Smoochy Merv Green
2003 Duplex Kenneth
2004 Mulan II Yao[50] Voice, direct-to-video
2006 Farce of the Penguins Sheila
2012 Foodfight! Fat Cat Burglar[50]
2014 Russian Broadway Shut Down Book Writer Short film
2017 Animal Crackers Esmerelda Voice
2020 Disarm Hate Narrator Voice, documentary
2022 Bros Lewis

Television

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Year Title Role Notes
1983 The Demon Murder Case Demon Voice, television film
1986 Miami Vice Benedict Episode: "The Fix"
Apology The Derelict Television film
1988 Tidy Endings Arthur
1990 The Simpsons Karl Voice, episode: "Simpson and Delilah"
1991 ABC Afterschool Specials Andrew Episode: "In the Shadow of Love: A Teen AIDS Story"
1992 Cheers Mark Newberger Episode: "Rebecca's Lover... Not"
Murder, She Wrote Stan Hatter Episode: "The Dead File"
1994 Daddy's Girl Dennis Sinclair Series regular (3 episodes)
1997 The Larry Sanders Show Harvey Fierstein Episode: "The Matchmaker"
Fame L.A. Jeremy Pinter Episode: "Do or Die"
Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child Mrs. Leaperman Voice, episode: "Thumbelina"
1998 Ellen Himself Episode: "It's a Gay, Gay, Gay, Gay World!"
Hercules Argus Panoptes Voice, episode: "Hercules and the Bacchanal"
Stories from My Childhood Grambo Voice, episode: "Alice and the Mystery of the Third Planet"
1999 Double Platinum Gary Millstein Television film
1999 The Sissy Duckling Elmer Voice, television film
2000 Common Ground Don Television film
Behind the Music Himself Episode: "1984"
2004 Biography Episode: "John Waters"
2004–07 Sesame Street Recurring role (3 episodes)
2006 The Year Without a Santa Claus Heat Miser Television film
2008 Family Guy Tracy Voice, episode: "The Former Life of Brian"
2009 How I Met Your Mother Lily's smoking voice Voice, episode: "Last Cigarette Ever"[50]
2010 Nurse Jackie John Decker Episode: "Monkey Bits"
2011 The Good Wife Judge Francis Flamm Episode: "Feeding the Rat"
2012 Submissions Only Auditioner No. 5 Episode: "Another Interruption"
2013 Smash Himself Episode: "The Fallout"
Watch What Happens Live with Andy Cohen Episode: "Harvey Fierstein & Kim Zolciak"
2014 Saturday Night Live Episode: "Bill Hader/Hozier"
2015 Family Guy Buster Keaton Voice, episode: "Stewie Is Enceinte"
The Wiz Live! Television special (teleplay writer)
2016 Hairspray Live! Edna Turnblad
2017 BoJack Horseman Himself Voice, episode: "Commence Fracking")
2018 Watch What Happens Live with Andy Cohen Episode: "Jane Curtin & Harvey Fierstein"
2018–20 Big Mouth Jerome Voice, 2 episodes
2019 The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance The Gourmand Voice, recurring role (7 episodes)[50]

Video games

[edit]
Year Title Role Notes
1998 Disney's Animated Storybook: Mulan Yao
Mulan Story Studio
2005 Kingdom Hearts II English version
2007 Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix+

Awards and nominations

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Year Award Category Work Result
1982 New York Drama Critics' Circle Best American Play[51] Torch Song Trilogy Nominated
1983 Tony Award Best Play[52] Won
Best Actor in a Play[52] Won
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Play[52] Won
Outstanding Actor in a Play[52] Won
Theatre World Award Theatre World Award[52] Won
1984 Tony Award Best Book of a Musical[51] La Cage aux Folles Won
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Book of a Musical[25] Nominated
1992 Primetime Emmy Award Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series[53] Cheers Nominated
2003 Tony Award Best Actor in a Musical[54] Hairspray Won
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Actor in a Musical[54] Won
Outer Critics Circle Award Outstanding Actor in a Musical[55] Nominated
Drama League Award Outstanding Performance[56] Won
2008 Drama League Award Outstanding Production of a Musical[57] A Catered Affair Won
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Book of a Musical[51] Nominated
2012 Tony Award Best Book of a Musical[58] Newsies Nominated
Outer Critics Circle Award Outstanding Book of a Musical[59] Nominated
2013 Tony Award Best Book of a Musical[60] Kinky Boots Nominated
Outer Critics Circle Award Outstanding Book of a Musical[61] Nominated
2014 Tony Award Best Play[62] Casa Valentina Nominated

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ Shapiro, Gregg (March 10, 2022). "'Better' than ever: an interview with Harvey Fierstein". Washington Blade.
  2. ^ Rosky, Nicole. "Harvey Fierstein Will Release Memoir in 2022". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
  3. ^ "Harvey Fierstein". Encyclopædia Britannica. June 2, 2023.
  4. ^ Morris, Bob (March 1, 2022). "In a New Memoir, Harvey Fierstein Shares Gossip and Regrets". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  5. ^ Rawson, Christopher (January 30, 2008). "Hall of Fame: Theater veterans get a night in limelight". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
  6. ^ "Harvey Fierstein Biography". filmreference. 2008. Retrieved June 11, 2008.
  7. ^ "Paid Notice: Deaths - FIERSTEIN, JACQUELINE H". The New York Times. May 10, 2012.
  8. ^ a b Horwitz, Simi (April 11, 2013). "Harvey Fierstein Gets 'Kinky' and Discusses His Jewish Roots". The Forward. Retrieved July 20, 2024.
  9. ^ a b Schlesinger, Richard (June 9, 2013). "Harvey Fierstein: No longer an activist". CBS News. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  10. ^ "School's Alumni and Staff Feel Its Art Emphasis Is Neglected". The New York Times. December 5, 2001.
  11. ^ "Harvey Fierstein Dishes On the Catskills, Life, the Theater in New Memoir". Pratt Institute. February 27, 2022.
  12. ^ Scott, H. Alan (March 9, 2022). "Harvey Fierstein Remembers Everything in 'I Was Better Last Night'". Newsweek.
  13. ^ a b "Harvey Fierstein". Broadway: The American Musical. PBS. Archived from the original on September 22, 2011. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
  14. ^ Fierstein, Harvey (May 16, 2014). "Opinion | What Is This Child Doing in Prison? (Published 2014)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  15. ^ Fierstein, Harvey (November 26, 2003). "Opinion | You Better Watch Out (Published 2003)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  16. ^ Fierstein, Harvey (April 13, 2007). "Opinion | Our Prejudices, Ourselves (Published 2007)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  17. ^ Schildcrout, Jordan (2022). "Harvey Fierstein". 50 Key Figures in Queer US Theatre. Routledge. pp. 63–66. ISBN 978-1032067964.
  18. ^ "Harvey Fierstein". Concord Theatricals. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  19. ^ Reif, Robin (June 10, 2017). "How Harvey Fierstein's Torch Song Became the Trilogy". Playbill.
  20. ^ Russell, Candice (December 25, 1988). "Fierstein as Prepossessing `Torch Song' Character". Sun Sentinel. p. 1D. ProQuest 389363600.
  21. ^ a b c d "Harvey Fierstein on 'I Was Better Last Night' - CBS News". CBS News. March 13, 2022.
  22. ^ "1983 Awards – Drama Desk". www.dramadesk.org. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  23. ^ "Theatre World Awards - Theatre World Awards". theatreworldawards.org. Archived from the original on April 28, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
  24. ^ Riggs, Thomas (2007). Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television. Gale Research Inc. p. 79. ISBN 978-0787690496.
  25. ^ a b "Nominees and Recipients – 1984 Awards". www.dramadesk.org. Retrieved December 23, 2024.
  26. ^ a b Snierson, Dan (September 30, 1994). "Out of the TV Closet: Harvey Fierstein of 'Daddy's Girls'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  27. ^ Nelson, Emmanuel S. (Emmanuel Sampath), ed. (2003). Contemporary gay American poets and playwrights : an A-to-Z guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-32232-5. OCLC 51088166.
  28. ^ Jones, Arnold Wayne (May 18, 2007). "The Simpsons Turns 400: We Name the Greatest Guests!". TV Guide.
  29. ^ "Springfield of Dreams: 16 Great 'Simpsons' Guest Stars". Entertainment Weekly. May 11, 2008. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008.
  30. ^ "HARVEY FIERSTEIN". emmys.com.
  31. ^ Cox, Gordon (May 16, 2008). "'Catered Affair' nabs League honor". Variety. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  32. ^ Jones, Kenneth (November 11, 2009). "Harvey Fierstein to Replace Topol in Touring Fiddler on the Roof". Playbill. Archived from the original on November 15, 2009.
  33. ^ "IBDB 'La Cage' Replacement Information" Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
  34. ^ Gans, Andrew (April 6, 2011). "Broadway's La Cage aux Folles Will Close May 1". Playbill. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  35. ^ Healy, Patrick (May 16, 2012). "Don't Stop the Press! 'Newsies' Run Is Now Open-Ended". The New York Times.
  36. ^ Jones, Kenneth (February 22, 2012). "Kinky Boots Musical Will Kick It Up in Chicago in October, Prior to Broadway". Playbill. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  37. ^ Healy, Patrick (April 30, 2013). "'Kinky Boots' Leads With 13 Tony Nominations; Tom Hanks Gets Nod for 'Lucky Guy'". The New York Times.
  38. ^ Healy, Patrick (June 10, 2013). "'Kinky Boots' Dances to the Top of the Tonys". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
  39. ^ Purcell, Carey (April 1, 2014). "Harvey Fierstein's Casa Valentina, Starring Patrick Page, Mare Winningham and Gabriel Ebert, Begins Broadway Performances April 1". Playbill. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  40. ^ "The Verdict: Read Reviews for The Wiz Live!". Playbill. December 4, 2015.
  41. ^ "Hairspray Live". NBC. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  42. ^ "Harvey Fierstein". Hollywood Walk of Fame. October 25, 2019. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  43. ^ Clement, Olivia (October 1, 2019). "World Premiere of Bella Bella, Written by and Starring Harvey Fierstein, Begins Off-Broadway". Playbill.
  44. ^ Kroll, Gerry (August 20, 1996), "The Naked Truth: Hollywood journalist Bruce Bibby — also known as gossip columnist Ted Casablanca — bares all", The Advocate: 79, But for Harvey Fierstein, Bibby's partner from 1987 to 1992, the difference between the two is clear.
  45. ^ Guthmann, Edward (July 19, 1997). "Casablanca's Dirt on 'Dolls' / Gossip columnist finds inspiration in '60s camp film". San Francisco Chronicle.
  46. ^ "Fierstein as Tevye: Sounds Crazy, No?". The New York Times. January 2, 2005. Retrieved April 21, 2023.
  47. ^ Sheeler, Jason (February 23, 2022). "Broadway Legend Harvey Fierstein Opens Up About His Gender Identity: 'I Don't Know Who I Am'". People. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  48. ^ "LGBTQ&A: Harvey Fierstein: Makes Broadway (And Queer) History | LGBTQ+ Elders Project on Apple Podcasts". Apple Podcasts. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  49. ^ "Harvey Fierstein Worked With Warhol Before Making Broadway History". advocate.com. March 15, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  50. ^ a b c d e "Harvey Fierstein (visual voices guide)". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved October 6, 2023. A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.
  51. ^ a b c "Harvey Fierstein". Playbill. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  52. ^ a b c d e "Torch Song Trilogy – Awards". Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  53. ^ Gitlin, Martin (2014). The Greatest Sitcoms of All Time. London: The Scarecrow Press, INC. p. 50. ISBN 9780810887251.
  54. ^ a b "Hairspray – Awards". Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  55. ^ "2002-2003". Outer Critics Circle. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  56. ^ "Awards History". The Drama League. March 25, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  57. ^ Cox, Gordon (May 16, 2008). "'Catered Affair' nabs League honor". Variety. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  58. ^ "Newsies – Awards". Internet Broadway Database.
  59. ^ "2011-2012". Outer Critics Circle. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  60. ^ "Tony Awards 2013 winners and nominees: Complete list". Los Angeles Times. April 30, 2013. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014.
  61. ^ "2012-2013". Outer Critics Circle. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  62. ^ "Just the Winners, Please: Who Won the 68th Annual Tony Awards". Playbill. June 9, 2014.
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