1999 Malaysian general election

1999 Malaysian general election
← outgoing members Members elected →
All 193 seats in the Dewan Rakyat; 97 seats needed for a majority
Registered	9,546,303
Turnout	71.19%
Prime Minister before election; Mahathir Mohamad; BN	Prime Minister-designate ; Mahathir Mohamad; BN

General elections were held in Malaysia on Monday, 29 November 1999. Voting took place in all 193 parliamentary constituencies of Malaysia, each electing one Member of Parliament to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. State elections also took place in 394 state constituencies in 11 out of 13 states of Malaysia (except Sabah and Sarawak) on the same day. They were the last elections for Mahathir Mohamad as Prime Minister and Chairman of Barisan Nasional, until 2018. They were also the first elections held in a single day nationwide.

The opposition won a total of 113 state assembly seats, 98 of which went to the PAS, 11 to the DAP and 4 for Keadilan.^[1] In the states of Kelantan and Terengganu, the PAS won by a huge margin–41-2 against Barisan Nasional out of a total of 43 seats and 28-4 out of a total of 32 seats respectively, hence allowing them to form the state governments in these states. In addition, PAS also captured one-third of the state seats in Kedah, with the remaining two-thirds going to Barisan Nasional (UMNO won 16 seats, MCA 2 seats in Kedah).

The election results were seen as a great gain for PAS, who previously had no state seats in Kedah and capturing only one seat in Terengganu in the 1995 General Elections. Observers attributed this to the neglect by the Federal Administration in the states of Terengganu and Kelantan due to administration by different parties.^[2]

Results



Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Nasional		United Malays National Organisation	1,985,943	29.83	72	–17
			Malaysian Chinese Association	960,770	14.43	29	–1
			Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia	187,323	2.81	6	–1
			Malaysian Indian Congress	171,998	2.58	7	0
			Sarawak United Peoples' Party	129,356	1.94	7	0
			Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu	111,389	1.67	10	0
			Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak	51,803	0.78	6	+1
			UKPO	46,913	0.70	3	New
			Sabah Progressive Party	46,756	0.70	2	0
			Sarawak National Party	45,419	0.68	4	+1
			Liberal Democratic Party	12,800	0.19	1	0
			Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah	12,533	0.19	0	0
			Independent			1	0
		Total		3,763,003	56.52	148	–14
	Barisan Alternatif		Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	996,466	14.97	27	+20
			Democratic Action Party	848,040	12.74	10	+1
			National Justice Party	767,964	11.54	5	New
			Parti Rakyat Malaysia	68,990	1.04	0	0
		Total		2,681,460	40.28	42	+26
	United Sabah Party			143,338	2.15	3	–5
	State Reform Party			23,354	0.35	0	New
	Malaysian Democratic Party			7,601	0.11	0	New
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front			409	0.01	0	New
	Malaysian People's Justice Front			274	0.00	0	0
	Independents			38,054	0.57	0	0
Total				6,657,493	100.00	193	+1

Valid votes				6,657,493	97.97
Invalid/blank votes				138,256	2.03
Total votes				6,795,749	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				9,546,303	71.19
Source: Election Passport

By state

Johor


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Nasional		United Malays National Organisation	393,831	47.00	13	0
			Malaysian Chinese Association	190,871	22.78	6	0
			Malaysian Indian Congress	26,351	3.14	1	0
		Total		611,053	72.92	20	0
	Barisan Alternatif		Democratic Action Party	79,200	9.45	0	0
			Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	57,273	6.83	0	0
			National Justice Party	62,554	7.46	0	New
			Parti Rakyat Malaysia	27,912	3.33	0	0
		Total		226,939	27.08	0	0
Total				837,992	100.00	20	0

Valid votes				837,992	97.31
Invalid/blank votes				23,206	2.69
Total votes				861,198	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				1,190,400	72.35

Kedah


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Nasional		United Malays National Organisation	260,380	46.00	5	–8
			Malaysian Chinese Association	55,242	9.76	2	0
		Total		315,622	55.76	7	–8
	Barisan Alternatif		Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	171,825	30.35	8	+8
			National Justice Party	65,371	11.55	0	New
			Democratic Action Party	13,258	2.34	0	0
		Total		250,454	44.24	10	+8
Total				566,076	100.00	15	0

Valid votes				566,076	98.10
Invalid/blank votes				10,988	1.90
Total votes				577,064	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				765,028	75.43

Kelantan


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Alternatif		Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	228,111	47.46	10	+4
			National Justice Party	64,763	13.47	3	New
		Total		292,874	60.93	13	+8
	Barisan Nasional		United Malays National Organisation	187,102	38.93	1	–1
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front			409	0.09	0	New
	Malaysian People's Justice Front			274	0.06	0	0
Total				480,659	100.00	14	0

Valid votes				480,659	98.13
Invalid/blank votes				9,151	1.87
Total votes				489,810	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				641,754	76.32

Kuala Lumpur


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats
	Barisan Nasional		Malaysian Chinese Association	82,298	18.74	1
			Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia	70,884	16.14	2
			United Malays National Organisation	67,310	15.33	3
		Total		220,492	50.21	6
	Barisan Alternatif		Democratic Action Party	116,776	26.59	4
			National Justice Party	62,600	14.26	0
			Parti Rakyat Malaysia	20,342	4.63	0
			Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	17,111	3.90	0
		Total		216,829	49.38	4
	Malaysian Democratic Party			457	0.10	0
	Independents			1,335	0.30	0
Total				439,113	100.00	10

Valid votes				439,113	99.07
Invalid/blank votes				4,100	0.93
Total votes				443,213	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				627,377	70.65

Labuan


Party or alliance			Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Nasional	United Malays National Organisation	8,687	71.34	1	0
	United Sabah Party		2,172	17.84	0	0
	Barisan Alternatif	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	1,318	10.82	0	New
Total			12,177	100.00	1	0

Valid votes			12,177	98.58
Invalid/blank votes			176	1.42
Total votes			12,353	100.00
Registered voters/turnout			21,611	57.16

Malacca


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Nasional		United Malays National Organisation	85,912	36.60	3	0
			Malaysian Chinese Association	46,891	19.98	1	0
		Total		132,803	56.58	4	0
	Barisan Alternatif		National Justice Party	43,051	18.34	0	New
			Democratic Action Party	33,611	14.32	1	0
			Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	25,239	10.75	0	0
		Total		101,901	43.42	1	0
Total				234,704	100.00	5	0

Valid votes				234,704	97.72
Invalid/blank votes				5,469	2.28
Total votes				240,173	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				313,676	76.57

Negeri Sembilan


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Nasional		United Malays National Organisation	79,193	27.88	4	0
			Malaysian Chinese Association	61,880	21.78	2	0
			Malaysian Indian Congress	27,112	9.54	1	0
		Total		168,185	59.21	7	0
	Barisan Alternatif		Democratic Action Party	68,526	24.12	0	0
			Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	23,773	8.37	0	0
			National Justice Party	23,585	8.30	0	New
		Total		116,884	41.15	0	0
Total				284,069	100.00	7	0

Valid votes				284,069	97.16
Invalid/blank votes				8,318	2.84
Total votes				292,387	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				406,541	71.92

Pahang


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Nasional		United Malays National Organisation	149,279	39.83	8	0
			Malaysian Chinese Association	66,015	17.61	3	0
		Total		215,294	57.45	11	0
	Barisan Alternatif		Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	81,984	21.88	0	0
			National Justice Party	50,711	13.53	0	New
			Democratic Action Party	26,786	7.15	0	0
		Total		159,481	42.55	0	0
Total				374,775	100.00	11	0

Valid votes				374,775	97.48
Invalid/blank votes				9,672	2.52
Total votes				384,447	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				522,871	73.53

Penang


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Nasional		Malaysian Chinese Association	84,698	17.55	1	–1
			Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia	83,607	17.32	2	0
			United Malays National Organisation	79,565	16.49	3	–1
		Total		247,870	51.36	6	–2
	Barisan Alternatif		Democratic Action Party	169,973	35.22	4	+1
			National Justice Party	54,987	11.39	1	New
			Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	8,810	1.83	0	0
		Total		233,770	48.44	5	+2
	Independents			942	0.20	0	0
Total				482,582	100.00	11	0

Valid votes				482,582	97.94
Invalid/blank votes				10,150	2.06
Total votes				492,732	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				653,572	75.39

Perak


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Nasional		Malaysian Chinese Association	179,632	24.01	6	–1
			United Malays National Organisation	170,223	22.76	9	–2
			Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia	32,832	4.39	3	0
			Malaysian Indian Congress	32,425	4.33	2	0
		Total		415,112	55.49	20	–3
	Barisan Alternatif		Democratic Action Party	156,110	20.87	1	+1
			Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	93,454	12.49	2	+2
			National Justice Party	80,067	10.70	0	New
		Total		329,631	44.07	3	+3
	Malaysian Democratic Party			3,312	0.44	0	New
Total				748,055	100.00	23	0

Valid votes				748,055	97.34
Invalid/blank votes				20,419	2.66
Total votes				768,474	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				1,159,858	66.26

Perlis


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Nasional		United Malays National Organisation	46,212	56.17	3	0
	Barisan Alternatif		Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	26,191	31.84	0	0
			National Justice Party	9,867	11.99	0	New
		Total		36,058	43.83	0	9
Total				82,270	100.00	3	0

Valid votes				82,270	98.92
Invalid/blank votes				896	1.08
Total votes				83,166	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				105,733	78.66

Sabah


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Nasional		United Malays National Organisation	139,654	32.06	11	+2
			UKPO	46,913	10.77	3	New
			Sabah Progressive Party	46,756	10.73	2	0
			Liberal Democratic Party	12,800	2.94	1	0
			Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah	12,533	2.88	0	New
		Total		258,656	59.38	17	+5
	United Sabah Party			141,166	32.41	3	–5
	Barisan Alternatif		National Justice Party	18,344	4.21	0	New
			Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	2,244	0.52	0	0
			Democratic Action Party	973	0.22	0	0
		Total		21,561	4.95	0	0
	Malaysian Democratic Party			2,956	0.68	0	New
	State Reform Party			206	0.05	0	New
	Independents			11,028	2.53	0	0
Total				435,573	100.00	20	0

Valid votes				435,573	98.90
Invalid/blank votes				4,840	1.10
Total votes				440,413	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				719,151	61.24

Sarawak


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Nasional		Sarawak United Peoples' Party	129,356	25.30	7	0
			Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu	111,389	21.79	10	+1
			Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak	51,803	10.13	6	0
			Sarawak National Party	45,419	8.88	4	0
			Independent			1	0
		Total		337,967	66.11	28	+1
	Barisan Alternatif		Democratic Action Party	75,922	14.85	0	New
			National Justice Party	49,774	9.74	0	New
			Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	2,438	0.48	0	0
		Total		128,134	25.06	0	0
	State Reform Party			23,148	4.53	0	New
	Independents			22,005	4.30	0	0
Total				511,254	100.00	28	+1

Valid votes				511,254	98.31
Invalid/blank votes				8,781	1.69
Total votes				520,035	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				835,027	62.28

Selangor


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Nasional		Malaysian Chinese Association	193,243	22.51	6	0
			United Malays National Organisation	190,895	22.23	8	0
			Malaysian Indian Congress	86,110	10.03	3	0
		Total		470,248	54.77	17	0
	Barisan Alternatif		National Justice Party	161,575	18.82	0	New
			Democratic Action Party	106,905	12.45	0	0
			Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	95,643	11.14	0	0
			Parti Rakyat Malaysia	20,736	2.42	0	0
		Total		384,859	44.83	0	0
	Malaysian Democratic Party			876	0.10	0	New
	Independents			2,569	0.30	0	0
Total				858,552	100.00	17	0

Valid votes				858,552	98.08
Invalid/blank votes				16,785	1.92
Total votes				875,337	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				1,196,365	73.17

Terengganu


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Barisan Alternatif		Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party	161,052	52.01	7	+6
			National Justice Party	20,715	6.69	1	New
		Total		181,767	58.70	8	+7
	Barisan Nasional		United Malays National Organisation	127,700	41.24	0	–7
	Independents			175	0.06	0	0
Total				309,642	100.00	8	0

Valid votes				309,642	98.32
Invalid/blank votes				5,305	1.68
Total votes				314,947	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				387,339	81.31

References

Chin, James (2000). "A New Balance: The Chinese Vote in the 1999 Malaysian General Election". South East Asia Research. 8 (3): 281–299. doi:10.5367/000000000101297299. S2CID 156133362.
"Malaysia unlikely to go fundamentalist: Lee Kuan Yew". (Dec. 13, 1999). Agence France Presse.

^ "Pilihan Raya umum 1999 - Dewan Undangan Negeri". Election Commission of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^ Swee-Hock Saw, K. Kesavapany (2006). Malaysia recent trends and challenges. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 97–8. ISBN 981-230-339-1.

External links

South Asia Analysis Group synopsis of the 1999 election results.
Trends in Malaysia: Election Assessment (PDF) a 62 pages collection of papers from Institute of Southeast Asian Studies after the 1999 election.

[1] "Pilihan Raya umum 1999 - Dewan Undangan Negeri". Election Commission of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2008-09-05.

[2] Swee-Hock Saw, K. Kesavapany (2006). Malaysia recent trends and challenges. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 97–8. ISBN 981-230-339-1.

[1]

[2]

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See also: Federal by-elections State by-elections Elections in Johor Kedah Kelantan Kuala Lumpur Labuan Malacca Negeri Sembilan Pahang Penang Perak Perlis Putrajaya Sabah Sarawak Selangor Terengganu